Climate

All the main wine regions of the world lie between latitudes 30 and 50 degrees north and south of the equator. Only within these zones will the grapes ripen satisfactorily to make good wine.

Climate describes the weather conditions (temperatures, rainfall, sunshine) that are expected in a typical year. Warmth and sunlight can have a dramatic effect on the flavour of ripe grapes. Some grape varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon) need a lot of heat to ripen fully. If the grapes have not fully ripened, wines from these varieties will taste excessively bitter and lacking in fruit flavours. Other grapes (such as Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir) need a moderate or cool climate otherwise they may over-ripen and lose their refreshing fruit character and acidity. A few grapes (such as Chardonnay) can make interesting wines in hot, moderate and cool climates.

In general,

 
气候
 
所有主要的葡萄酒在世界各地区分布的在纬度30至50度之间。只能在区域将葡萄种植的令人满意的，才能取得良好的葡萄酒。

气候描述的天气条件（温度，雨量，日照） ，是年份的典型影响条件。温暖的阳光能有一个戏剧性的作用，对颜色较深的葡萄。一些葡萄品种（如赤霞珠） ，有需要的大量热量，才能成熟充分。如果葡萄还没有完全成熟，这些品种的葡萄酒将口味过于激烈，而且缺乏水果香味。其他葡萄（如白苏维翁和黑比诺）需要一个中度或气候凉爽的气候，否则，他们可能会过分熟了，而失去自己的清新水果的性质和酸度。还有几种葡萄（如（ Chardonnay ） ，在温和凉爽气候下成长，可以做出有趣的葡萄酒来。

一般来说，

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  • hot climate = more alcohol, fuller body, softer tannin, less acidity.
  • cool climate = less alcohol, lighter body, firmer tannin, more acidity.
  • 气候炎热=酒精度更高，酒体更丰富，单宁较柔和且酸度较低。
    气候凉爽=酒精度较低，酒体轻盈，单宁较重且多酸度。

Local geography will also affect the climate surrounding a vineyard. For example in the northern hemisphere vineyards planted on south-facing slopes will be warmer because of increased exposure to the sun. The proximity to large bodies of water can increase humidity and moderate changes in temperature.

If the ideal climate were ever to exist it would include sufficient moisture and warmth to enable the vines to grow and the grapes to ripen. Furthermore, the right weather conditions must prevail during the various stages of the growth cycle of the vines.

当地的地理，也会影响围绕着一个葡萄园的气候。例如在北半球的葡萄园种植南方面临的斜坡，将温暖的，因为增加了暴露在阳光下。邻近有大面积的水域可以增加湿度和温和的温度变化。

如果理想的气候是以往任何时候都存在，这将包括有足够的水分和温暖，使葡萄藤增长及葡萄熟了。此外，正确的气象条件必须占上风，在不同阶段的增长周期的葡萄藤。

Perfect conditions would be:

  • A cold winter to inhibit growth and rest the vine. Frosts to kill diseases, but not so severe as to kill the vine.
  • Enough rain to build moisture reserves in the soil
  • A mild, warm spring with gentle rain to encourage the vine’s growth
  • A warm settled, frost-free period during the vine’s flowering, followed by a hot sunny summer with a little rain to swell the developing fruit
  • A long, fine, dry autumn to discourage disease and complete the ripening of the grape. Grape should also be picked in mild, dry conditions to avoid dilution and keep grapes fresh.

完美的条件是：

寒冷的冬天，以抑制生长和让葡萄树休息。霜冻可以杀死病菌，但不至于伤害葡萄树。
足够的雨水，以建立储备水分在土壤中
温和的，温暖的春天与温柔雨，以鼓励藤本植物的生长
热烈大局已定，无霜期在葡萄开花后，有一个炎热的夏季阳光，一点点雨水，以壮大发展果实
长期，良好，干燥，以阻止疾病和让葡萄足够成熟。葡萄也应该被置于，在温和的，干燥的环境下，以避免稀释，并保持葡萄的新鲜。

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